Obstetrics and Gynecology
This field covers preventive gynecologic examinations, assessment of menstrual disorders, pain, infections, contraception, family planning, menopause and pregnancy monitoring.
The examination begins with a discussion of symptoms and medical history. It includes a clinical examination, ultrasound examination and, depending on the case, a Pap smear, HPV test, microbiological tests or referral for additional diagnostics.
- Preventive gynecologic examinations
- Pregnancy monitoring
- Menstrual disorders and pelvic pain
- Infections and inflammatory conditions
- Contraception and family planning
- Menopause consultations
Gynecologic Oncology
Gynecologic oncology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of precancerous and malignant diseases of the cervix, uterus, ovaries, vulva and vagina.
During the consultation, symptoms, available test results and imaging are discussed. If necessary, additional tests are planned, such as colposcopy, biopsy, laboratory tests, imaging studies—magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography—and referral to an appropriate medical team.
Colposcopy
Colposcopy is a magnified examination of the cervix. It is recommended after an abnormal Pap smear, a positive high-risk HPV test, unusual bleeding or a visible cervical change.
A small biopsy may be taken when medically indicated.
HPV Testing and Pap Smear
HPV testing and Pap smear are key cervical screening methods. A positive HPV result does not mean cancer; it indicates the need for appropriate follow-up based on HPV type and cytology.
Mammology
The mammology examination includes assessment of symptoms, family history, previous tests, and a clinical and ultrasound examination of the breasts and regional lymph nodes.
It is appropriate for:
- Annual preventive mammology examinations
- Assessment of lumps and thickening
- Follow-up of benign changes
- Assessment in cases of family history
- Referral for additional imaging studies
Ultrasound Diagnostics
Breast ultrasound is a non-invasive examination without ionising radiation. It is used to assess cysts, solid lesions, inflammatory changes and lymph nodes.
It may be used as an initial test in younger women, to complement mammography or for follow-up.
